Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Fieldwork Study
Nepal is recognized as the second
richest country of the world in water resources. We have more small and large
rivers. Still there are so many places in Nepal where a lot of people face the
problems of fresh drinking water facilities. Our country and naturally rich but
economically poor in the distinct feature. Above 80.03% or people are
agricultural. So, due to lack of the financial and effectible project
management. People living in various regions of Nepal are deprived of drinking
water. Recently, some organizations are providing drinking water facilities to
the community people with effective project management by the help of some
foreign donor agencies.
1.2. Introduction
Government effort is not enough for
rural and urban development. It should be implemented according to the
aspirations of local people and from non-governmental organization. Some
non-governmental organizations develop the project in our society by the help
of foreign donor agencies.
Among them, Shardanagar Yuba Club
Nepal of Chitwan district is currently working specially in terai region. One
of the major project of the organization is "Shardanagar Water Supply and
Sanitation Project" in Shardanagar Village Development Committee. Ward
No.5 of Chitwan District, in the financial support of FINNIDA.
The project started in the Fiscal
Year 2061/062 in Shardanagar V.D.C. 2 of Chitwan was 146 beneficiaries of 21
households. The total cost of the project is NRs. 4,22,722.22 (In Words. NRs.
Four Laks Twenty Two Thousand Seven Hundred Twenty Two and Twenty Tow Paisa
only).
Among the total cost Rs. 4,22,722.22, the financial
contribution of community is 1.42% of the total cost and the remaining 98.58%
is contributed by FINNIDA, VDC and community (users) kind. the local community
provides the materials like sand, pebbles and labours. The financial
contribution is being collected in this (Development) phase of the project. the
project is planned not only to provide drinking water bit also to deliver the
awareness of sanitation and health with literacy classes. A few examples are
the construction of the latrines, clean up programmers. distribution of
medicines and inspection of nutrition of children. So it's a major contribution
of Shardanagar Yuva Club-Nepal, in co-operation of FINNIDA, in planning to
construct the overhead tank of fresh drinking water to facilitate the community
people in such type of rural area. Which is in fact very rare in Nepal.
The project is currently running at
the development phase. Due to the geographical position and population of the
proposed area, the project is planning o construct 4 taps inside the village.
1.3
Literature Survey
Planning is predetermining future.
It is the process of setting goals and choosing the action it achieves those
goals. It attempts to define the path of organization. Planning indentifies and
addresses the tasks required for accomplishment of project objectives. It acts
as a road map for managing the project. It determines how the project
objectives will be accomplished. It involves detailed design, budgeting,
scheduling and allocation of resources. Project planning is concerned with
looking ahead at the future work plan of a project. It is deciding in advance
about.
"Planning as deciding in advance what to do? How to do
it? When to do it? And who is to do it? It provides the ends to be
achived."
-Stephen.R. Robbins. Organizational
Management
Kathmandu : Sukunda Pustak Bhawan
"Planning is the selecting and relationg of facts in the
visualization and formation of proposed activities believed necessary of
achieve desired result."
-Georgte.R.Terry. (Organizational Management)
Kathmandu : Sukunda Pustak Bhawan
"Project
planning is the process of thinking through and making explicit the project's
objectives. goal and strategies necessary to bring the project through its life
cycle to successful termination when the project's product or service takes its
right place in the execution of project owner strategies."
Cleland. David L., Project Management : Strategic Design and
Implementation.
New : York : MeGraw-Hill. Inc. 1995.p.235
"Planning
is the process of preparing for the commitment of resources in the most economical
fashion and by preparing of allowing this commitment to be made less
distributing."
E.k. Warren
"Planning
is deciding who does, what, when, how, and why."
Harzinsion
"Planning
is a goal setting policy making, strategic Planning. Strategic decision making."
P.K.Joy
1.4 Purpose of the Fieldwork
To study in detail about the
planning of the project, the planning made by Shardanagar Youva Club-Nepal, in
co-operation of FINNIDA about construction the overhead tank, latrines and
water taps in different parts of community as well as sanitation awareness and
clean up programmes is the main objective of propose of this work.
We have said in earlier that the
planning is the process of setting goals and choosing the means to achieve the
set goals. but there are some points. in which we have to know practically to
investigate the fact that there is always gap between what we are studying in
the what we are achieving in practical knowledge. However, this gap doesn't
make any harm to the project planning. Furthermore, this main objective of
fieldwork study is also to view closely the planning and development of the
project by visiting the community and convincing with the people but
encouraging them to make the project successful in order to be satisfied for
what they have contributed. So far, there are some proposes of fieldwork, which
are stated below :
1. To get knowledge of the facts which held in
the organization with in a fixed time.
2. To know the difference between theoretical and
practical knowledge of the project environment.
3. To increase the knowledge of communication
skills and entrepreneurial skills by means of interactions.
4. To make ready for the administration and
managerial work etc.
Further,
there are some purpose of planning of the project :
1. In what type of way Shardanagar Water Supply
and Sanitation Project have started?
2. What type of process has been done in this
project till now?
So to have an answer for such type of critical question. It
is very important to prepare a report, which is the main crown of this
fieldwork.
1.5 Fieldwork
Procedure
Analytical
attempt. in perfect way is somehow difficult. There are seems heterogeneous in
data. Long distance between the fields. Short time period and such other
difficulty bring difficulties to bring our the fieldwork report in an agreeable
manner. The entire activities have been divided into three parts.
1.5.1 Study Phase
In this
phase, the necessary qustionnaires about the project were prepared in order to
get necessary date and information for the preparation of the field work
report. The work site of the project was observed to known the geographical
environment of the project site but taking permission of the project
chairperson. After the several field visits the questions were asked the
community workers and local people in order to get the necessary information
for writing the field work report. Relevant data are collected and overviewed.
In includes how many people are benefited by the organization.
1.5.3 Post-Fieldwork
Activities
After
getting necessary information and data about the concerned project from the
higher and lower staffs like project president, labors etc. the final report
was prepared.
Chapter Two
Research Methodology
2.1 Methods of the
Data Collection
Data
collection is the process, which is essential for statistical investigations.
Without statistical investigation, it is impossible to collect the actual and
true information. To identify the management and planning of the project two
types of data collections are followed :
1. Primary data
2. Secondary Data
Obviously,
there are lot of differences in the method of collection of Primary data and
Secondary Data. In the case of Primary data. Which is to be collected
originally. The entire scheme of the plan with the definition of various items
used, extend of accuracy aimed at etc. is to be formulated whereas the
collection of secondary data is the form of more compilation of the existing
data.
2.1.1 Primary Data
Primary data
are such types of data which are obtain by the direct personal investigation,
indirect oral interviews and local agencies. Among all of the above mentioned
methods, direct personal investigation is appropriate as we can visit field
personally for making inquires and gathering information from the
beneficiaries. The information gathered from such investigation is original in nature.
2.1.2 Secondary Data
Secondary
data in thus defined data collected earlier for a purpose other than are
currently being perused. Secondary data refers to those of already gathered by
others. The secondary data can be divided into two go internal and external.
The internal secondary data are found within complete sources of such data
include sales information, accounting data internally generated research
report, And external secondary data are outside the company such data's sources
may include books. period published report, data service and computer data
books.
2.2 Limitations of
the Study
Different
types of limitation may be arisen in the process of preparing report So, at
first we determine the boundary and perform keep with boundry. But on the
process of report some activities, problem and arisen un-thoughtful which is
known as Limitation. According to the course of our study. We have encouraged
ourselves and complete the report in selected topic with limited requirement
within certain time. Thus. This fieldwork survey has been limited on
"Planning Management" "Shardanagar Water Supply and Sanitation
Project" and various factors a being ignored in the study.
Chapter Three
Presentation and Analysis of Data
3.1 Presentation
of the Data
Those data
which was collected from this project at preparing this fieldwork report,
appropriate to present here. Diagrams are needless to say more attractive,
fascinating and impressive then the set of numerical data. They are more
appealing to the eye and leave a much lasting impression on the mind as
compared to the dry and uninteresting statistical figure. So here the Pie chart
and bar diagram are shown with more information about the project.
General Information of the Project
|
Item
|
Description
|
|
Source type
|
Stream
|
|
Storage tank capacity
provided
|
3.00m
|
|
Total cost
|
Rs.4,22,722.22
|
|
Total Population (Base Year
2057)
|
146
|
|
Total Population (Degin year
2077)
|
278
|
|
No. of Taps
|
4
|
|
No. of latrines
|
44
|
|
No. of households
|
21
|
|
No . of intake
|
1
|
|
No. of collection chamber
|
1
|
|
Population per tap (Average)
|
37
|
Table No.1
Reservior Tank Sizing
(Continuous System : Using Consuption Pattern)
Storage Tank No. 1
Stand Post Numbers 20 nos.
Supplied Through this Tank 0.60 l/s
Supply Flow to Tank from source 0.20
l/s
Design Demand to be Supplied Through Tank 0.14 l/s
|
Time From
|
Period To
|
Hours
|
Water Consumption
|
Supply (Litre)
|
Demand (Litre)
|
Supply (Litre)
|
Dificint
|
|
5:00 AM
|
7:00 AM
|
2
|
25%
|
1440.00
|
3127.50
|
0.00
|
1687.50
|
|
7:00 AM
|
12:00 N
|
5
|
35%
|
3600.00
|
4378.50
|
0.00
|
778.00
|
|
12:00 N
|
5:00 PM
|
5
|
20%
|
3600.00
|
2502.00
|
1098.00
|
0.00
|
|
5:00 PM
|
7:00 PM
|
2
|
20%
|
1440.00
|
2502.00
|
0.00
|
1062.00
|
|
7:00 PM
|
5:00 AM
|
10
|
0%
|
7200.00
|
0.00
|
700.00
|
0.00
|
|
Total
|
2430.00
|
2430.00
|
|||||
Table No. 2
Maximum difference between cumulative supply and cumulative
demand
3.2 Source of Fund
Shardanagar water supply and sanitation project collected the
fund from many sources for its purpose. Mainly FINNIDA supported it in
financial condition and other various sectors are the sources of this project.
They are listed below :
Income Sources of Shardanagar Water
Supply and Sanitation Project
|
Particulars
|
Amount Rs.
|
|
FINNIDA
|
2,29,179.10
|
|
Village Development Committee
|
43,800.00
|
|
Community
|
6,000
|
|
user's contribution (Kind)
|
1,43,743.12
|
|
Total
|
4,22,722.22
|
Table No. 3
Income Sources of Shardanagar Water
Supply and Sanitation Project in
Pie – Chart
Figure No.1
Income Source of Shardanagar Water Supply and Sanitation
Project in
Bar – Diagram
Figure No. 2
This
water supply project is not very big. The total cost of the project is
Rs.422722.00 only. In order to build up this project, there is FINNIDA
including 54.22% of total cost. Shardanagar VDC including 10.36%, the local
community including 1.42% and users including 34% of the total cost.
3.3 Cost Contribution
The cost of this project contributes
in the construction of the tank and sanitation. The expenses details of the
SWSSP are :
Expenses Details of Shardanagar Water Supply and Sanitation
Project
|
Practiculars
|
Amount Rs.
|
|
Scheme
materials cost
|
136703.50
|
|
Labour
expenses
|
110118.20
|
|
overhead
|
61101.00
|
|
Other
activities and materials
|
58559.52
|
|
Staff
expenses
|
37500.00
|
|
Sanitation
expenses
|
12740.00
|
|
Miscellaneous
|
6000.00
|
|
Total
|
422722.22
|
Table No.4
Expenses of Shardanagar Water Supply and Sanitation Project
in
Pie
– Chart
Figure
No.3
Expenses of Shardanagar Water Supply and Sanitation Project
in
Bar – Diagram
Figure No.4
3.4 Analysis of Data
After analyzing the field report, we
find that, there is effective planning of project in Shardanagar V.D.C-5. As
the overhead tank is constructing is in fact a difficult on while constructing
the planning made by SYC is very well organized. Although the water source is
710m. Away from the village, the community people are motivated to use their effort to bring water to the
reservoir tank through pipes. The total distribution line is 1088 m long. In
sanitation point of view, to raise awareness among the ignorant villagers
several sanitation programs are planned. Meanwhile for literacy, classes are
conducting as well. As the water supply project is not so much very big, the
total cost of the project also is not so
high i.e. Rs.4,22,722.22 only. In order to build up the project there is a
massive contribution of the community including
1.42% of total cost and local materials with labors. in this way the project is
planed effectively.
3.5 study result.
after studying
the whole field report the planning made by SYC is very well organized and we
must appreciate it. the project currently constructing according to the
planning made. Although the project is not very big. yet the community people
must be aware to look after it for its sustainability. So even after the
project is completed there must be effective management and planning for its repair
and maintenance to run the project successfully in the future. Despite of
these: the planning made for its construction is really outstanding. the
community contribution of this project is a good sign of its sustainability. we
hope that the planned project will be successful in the future and the efforts
made by community people have significant consequences.
Chapter Four
Summary &
Conclusions
4.1 Summary
The
water supply project in this Shardanagar V.D.C -5 of chitwan district is
constructing but Shardanagar Yuva Club (SYC) in support of FINNIDA. The
approach made by SYC to look after the rural area is one of the appreciable
works. As the people of this area are deprived of better drinking water and
sanitation, the problem will be solved in the future. The project will help
them not only to provide fresh and pure drinking buy also to increase their
income generating activities through different mediums like vegetable garden,
irrigation, cattle farming etc. The project is also to give education to reduce
this ignorance and to increase the awareness about better sanitation programs
within a water supply project. which is planned for different reasons like
providing drinking water, maintenance of better sanitation and health, as a
whole we cas say it a successful planning of the project.
4.2 Conclusion
At
last we came to at end of the field report. We came to know that for planning
and building of the project there are significant contributions from the donor
(NGO "FINNIDA" along with SYC as well as the community people. The
most important thing of this project is well organized polices, definite
procedures and well defined principles. The impressive thing we can notice in
this project is community contributions and manpower mobilization from supporting
organization, which is a better sign of effective management and sustainability
of the project. As the project is under the boundary of community the project
will be no doubt constructing well and people will be facilitated by pure
drinking water better sanitation and course quality education.
In the developing
country like Nepal such projects play major role to bring changes in life of
people surroundings. We wish to shardanagar Yuva Club-Nepal and FINNIDA for
every success in future to be able to conduct such project in other parts of
the country also.
4.3.
Recommendation
The researched
project has been able to provide better water facility to the people. such
project plays an important role for the improvement of the livelihood of the
society . The project has not only provided pure water facility but has also
assisted in creating awareness regarding safe water and community health. so
more such project has to constructed in the deficit area. Moreover more
priority regarding the awareness about the important of pure water should also
be giving due preference and take into consideration.
Bibliography
1.
Cleland, david.
l, (1967). Project management :strategic design and implementation. New York
McGraw-Hill, inc. 1995,p.235
2.
Chaudhary,
s(1998). Project management. 7 West patelnagar, New Delhi: Tata McGrow Hill
Publishing Co. Ltd.
3.
Karki, Rajendra
(2000) Project Management. Bhotahity, Kathmandu: M.K. Publisher and
distributors.
4.
Kerzner, Herold,
(1987) Project Management, A system approach to planning, scheduling and
controlling. New Delhi: CBS Publisher and distributors.
5.
Knootz, Herold
and Weihrich Heinz (1990) Essential of Management, (2nd Edition) New
York: McGraw-Hill Publishing co.
6.
Pant, Prem R.
(1998) Fieldwork assignment and report writing. Kathmandu.
7.
Chandra, Prashna,
Projects: Planning Analysis, Selection Implementation & Review. tata
McGrow-Hill New Delhi (1998)
8.
Joy, P.K. (1999),
Total Project Management: the Indian context New Delhi.
Appendix
Questionnaires
1.1
What are the
benefits do you achieve after the completion of this project?
1.2
What are the
problems you have faced to complete this project?
1.3
Do you agree with
the quote "Every Project has Risk and Uncertainty"?
1.4
Do we need life
Eycle Phase in any project. if yes then which one is more important?
1.5
What do you think
about the participatory approach within a project.
Table
of content
Subject Page
No.
Acknowledgement
List of tables
List of Figures
Chapter 1:
Introduction 1-7
1.1 Background of the fieldwork
study. 1
1.2 Introduction 1
1.3 Literature survey 2.
1.4 Purpose of fieldwork study 5.
1.5 Fieldwork procedure 6.
1.5.1 Initial phase 6
1.5.2 Study phase 6.
1.5.3 Post-Fieldwork activities 7
Chapter 2: Research Methodology 8-9
2.1 Methods of data collection 8
2.1.1 Primary data 8
2.1.2 Secondary data 8
2.2 Limitation of the study 9
Chapter 3: Presentation and
analysis of data 10-17
3.1 Presentation of the data 10
3.2 Sources of fund 11
3.3 Cost Contribution 14
3.4 Analysis of data 16
3.5 Study Result 17
Chapter 4: Summary and
conclusions 18-19
4.1 Summary 18
4.2 Conclusion 18
4.3 Recommendations 19
Bibliography 20
Appendix 21
List of
Tables
Table Page No.
1. General Information of the Project 7
2. Reservoir Tank Sizing 8
3. Income Sources of Shardanagar Water
Supply and Sanitation Project 8
4. Expenses Details of Shardanagar Water
Supply and Sanitation Project 10
List of Figures
Figures Page No.
1. Income Source of Shardanagar Water
Supply and Sanitation Project in
Pie-Chart 9
2. Income Source of Shardanagar Water
Supply and Sanitation Project in
Bar-Diagram 9
3. Expenses of Shardanagar Water Supply
and Sanitation Project in
Pie-Chart 10
4. Expenses of Shardanagar Water Supply
and Sanitation Project in
Bar-Diagram 11
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